Argumentative Essay On The Backfire Effect - 841 Words

Have you ever had an argument with a person and still didn’t manage to change their standpoint after confronting them with information that contradicts theirs? If you answered â€Å"Yes†, then you’ve gone through the backfire effect. The backfire effect is when an opinion is being challenged by opposing information but instead of being proven wrong and changing opinion, it gets stronger. The argument McRaney is making on his article shows that the backfire effect favors the person’s belief when the other person disagrees and begins to give facts opposing their opinion. The backfire effect makes a persons opinion be stronger when its contradicted with information because the person doesnt seem to change their opinion when challenged with facts†¦show more content†¦The writer seems to use emotional appeal by trying to engage the reader by using â€Å"you† as if he’s having a conversation with the reader and make the individual think ab out an experience he/she had whenever they were in an argument either with their friends or social medias. The writer also talks about how the backfire effect correlates with advertisements. Advertisements are based on a person’s preference, where they’re from, the time of the day or just anything that will be related to the person. Reading this information will make the reader feel as if advertisements are creepy. The writer’s purpose is to inform people of what the backfire is and what it does by using historical events, the media, and studies from university students showing how each one of them uses the backfire effect. At the beginning of the article, McRaney explains that there were two university student who created fake newspapers about certain issues then they studied people on their behaviors when they were given the fake newspaper and the newspaper that consisted of true information. Same goes with Obama’s birth place. There were certain people who didn’t believe that he was from the United States but after they were shown Obama’s birth certificate, they started to gather information to make themselves feel like they were right and ignore the evidence presented to them. A weakness that I found from this article was that it talksShow MoreRelatedEssay Questions On Disobedience And Rebellion3173 Words   |  13 PagesDraft for Argumentative Essay Thoughts of disobedience and rebellion have existed for almost as long as the first law or rule that could be broken. These thoughts come naturally to us, being humans we are curious and we wonder, what would happen if we were to do something different, something off the beaten path. This curiosity has fueled, our evolution, our development to the beings that we are now. It has spawned the thoughts of morality and justice that caused the subject of this essay, civil disobedienceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesglOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than Women 61 Questions for Review 62 Experiential Exercise Feeling Excluded 62 Ethical Dilemma Board Quotas 62 Case Incident 1 The Flynn Effect 63 Case Incident 2 Increasing Age Diversity in the Workplace 64 3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Attitudes 70 What Are the Main Components of Attitudes? 70 †¢ Does Behavior Always Follow from Attitudes? 71 †¢ What Are the Major Job AttitudesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesgeneralizations and panacea-like prescriptions appear regularly in the popular management literature. To ensure the validity of the behavioral guidelines being prescribed, the learning approach must include scientifically based knowledge about the effects of the management principles being presented. Second, individuals must be aware of their current level of skill competency and be motivated to improve upon that level in order to benefit from the model. Most people receive very little feedback about

Discuss one explanation of Personality Development and evaluate its conclusion Free Essays

For this assignment I am going to discuss Freud’s perspective of personality development. Freud used psychoanalytic theories that are based around the emotional development of the personality, whereas Erikson’s psychosocial theory focuses more on the role of social factors in development. Personality development can be broken down into three strands within Freud’s theory: the personality structure, defence mechanisms and psychosexual development. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss one explanation of Personality Development and evaluate its conclusion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Personality can be defined as ‘ the distinctive and characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behaviour that define an individual’s personal style, and influence his or her interactions with the environment’. (Atkinson et al, 1992) Freud developed his theories by psychoanalysing adults, mostly middle-aged women and individuals with personality problems. He used various methods to study his patients, such as, dream analysis; which are interpretations of individual’s dreams as they are a â€Å"window on the unconscious† (Davenport, 1988), free association; where the person is given a word or a phrase and encouraged to say the first thing that enters their head and ‘slips of the tongue’; which is when a person says something in error but these can subconsciously reflect what they really mean. Freud suggests that adult personality is derived from the interaction between the desires for pleasure and how early desires were gratified. He believed that all human behaviour is controlled by drives, which he relates to human instincts. Freud insisted that there are two forces feeding our instinctual urges with energy; the Libido and the Death Instinct; the Libido being a sexual energy and the Death Instinct being more of an aggressive energy. According to Freud, the adult human mind is made up of three different parts and levels of awareness; the unconscious mind, which he named the ‘Id’; the preconscious mind, which he named the ‘Superego’, and the conscious mind, which he named the ‘Ego’. The Id is at the centre of a person’s very being. It is the initial part of a human’s personality structure, which exists, right from birth and can be described as the most primitive instinct. This part of the personality craves satisfaction and pleasure; therefore it has been coined ‘the pleasure principle’. The Ego is known as the second part of the personality structure. This is the part of our personality that keeps us in touch with reality. Its aim is to protect us and it helps us to perform tasks safely; therefore-coined ‘the reality principle’. The Ego controls both other parts of the personality, the Id and the Superego, which help keep our lives in balance. The last part of the personality structure is the Superego. This is the part that moulds our morals and conscience. It helps prevent us from doing things, which we have learnt and know to be morally wrong; therefore this part has been coined ‘the morality principle’. The ego ideal exists as part of the superego. Rather than telling us what we should not do, the ego ideal tells us what is good and what we should do and be like. If the person has a strong superego they are more likely to have stronger morals than a person with a weak superego. Because the Id and the Superego are always conflicting against one another, the Ego needs to have strategies to reduce anxiety. This helps push problems away and in a way pretending the problems don’t exist, a form of denial, these are known as defence mechanisms. Another defence mechanism is repression; this is where the Id’s impulses are blocked from reaching the conscious mind. There are a number of other defence mechanisms, including projection; where unacceptable desires or characteristics are projected on to someone else, and displacement; this refers to the transfer of repressed desires or impulses onto a substitute person or object. (Mike Cardwell, 2000) Freud’s contributions with his theories on defence mechanisms are still being practiced today and are experienced as valid and useful. According to Freud we acquire our personalities in several stages, known as psychosexual development. Freud thought that different parts of our bodies become particularly sensitive as we grow through these different stages; he called these areas erogenous zones. (Davenport, 1988) As children grow up and are experiencing the stages of psychosexual development, different parts of their bodies become more sensitive, first the mouth, then the anus, then the phallus, and finally the genitals. The libido seeks pleasure through these erogenous zones. The five different stages of psychosexual development are labelled as: The Oral Stage – this is the first year of a baby’s life where the baby gains pleasure from sucking and biting. The Id exists here right from birth. The Anal Stage – this is around the age of one to about three years where the pleasure derives from retaining and expelling faeces. At this stage the Ego begins to develop. The Phallic Stage – this is around three until six years where the sensitivity is placed around the genitals. This is the where the Oedipal Complex or the Electra Complex unfolds. It is during this stage the Superego starts to develop. The Latency Period – this is around seven until twelve years where the body seems to have no sensitised area. A child will be more interested in interacting with other people but are not strongly attracted to others. The Genital Stage – this is around the age of 14 to 17 years. The child becomes more aware of the opposite gender and a sexual awareness is developed. The Oedipal Conflict that occurs in the Phallic Stage involves the child experiencing feelings of desire for the opposite-sex parent. The child experiences a fear that the same sex parent will find out and punish them for this, resulting in feelings of envy and the development of ‘castration anxiety’. Whilst all this is happening to the child subconsciously, they start to become more like the same sex parent adopting their characteristics to conquer the Oedipal Conflict, (known as the ‘Electra Complex’ in girls). This is known as ‘Identification’. His ideas on psychosexual development are known to be quite controversial, as they seem to be overly obsessed with sexuality. Freud developed the theory that sex was a major motivational force at a time of great sexual repression. This could have caused sex to be something that was repressed in many minds (Beryard Hayes, 1994). Freud alleges emotional disturbances that occur in adult life could be to do with poor psychosexual development. He believes that a person could be fixated at an early pleasure seeking stage of the development. This is caused if the child experiences severe problems or excessive gratification at any of the stages. The adult may display regression whereby their behaviour could become less mature and similar to behaviour displayed at the stage, which they are fixated. Freud places great importance on the roles of regression and fixation in determining personality. Freud’s theories have not been without criticism, they have mostly been criticised for being unscientific. His research support seems to be rather weak as the case studies he carried out mainly consisted of adults, mostly middle-aged women, from the same culture, so the results may be biased. The only child Freud studied was Little Hans, a five-year-old boy, who suffered from a phobia. Freud’s ‘evidence’ for his explanation of how children’s personalities grow does not come from experiments or any scientifically acceptable means of data collection. It doesn’t even come from observing ‘normal’ children. It comes from the dreams and spoken memory of a relatively small number of people who mostly lived in Vienna, who had some personality ‘problems’. (Davenport, 1988) Another method Freud used to analysis people was hypnosis. This was another widely criticised method, as even Freud admitted himself can be suggestive. However, despite many criticisms Freud remains known for having the most influential impact in modern psychology, especially in the areas of abnormal behaviour and psychotherapy. Today his ideas are used in everything from childcare, education, literary criticism, and psychiatry. He founded the psychoanalytic movement, which today many Neo-Freudians still actively use, although the emphasis of it is different. 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Essay Caption Ethics of Research

Question: Discuss about the Essay Caption for Ethics of Research. Answer: When we talk about ethics, it does not mean that rules are bounded with the differentiation between rights and wrong, while it defines about norms of conduct that differentiates between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Ethical norms are much broader and informal than the laws. Most of the societies take help of the laws for enforcing the widely accepted moral standards, legal and ethical rules. An action may become illegal but ethical or legal but unethical. The ethical concepts are also used in the research to evaluate, criticize, interpret, and propose the laws (Social Research Methods, 2006). In the present research, interview method is adopted for the collection of data and analysis of information. Interview method is adopted because it is perceived that it is object-oriented process comprising of feeding controlled observations. All these observations are derived using theories, generalizations and principles. The whole research is related with the perceived issues that have been raised by the stereotyping women for the role of media. The approaches used for making classification are qualitative and quantitative approach. Under quantitative research approach, the researchers were more focused towards the conclusive analysis process for the derivation of suitable outcomes. On the other hand, qualitative approaches were more concerned about the assessment of intangible aspects related with the research. The researchers have taken special care about the ethical concerns of the research as they have made its compliance compulsory. Maintenance of confidentiality, fulfillment of research formalities and legitimate utilization of research are some of the ethical concerns of this research. Out of all such ethical concerns, confidentiality was ranked on the first position because disobedience of this concern may cause issues in personal and professional lives of the researchers. The major purpose of maintaining ethical concerns is to maintain the uniformity of research with full validity and accuracy. The ethics can also be defined using another way that focuses upon discipline of the study. These ethics follow the following standards of conduct such as theology, sociology, psychology, law, philosophy etc. One can also describe ethics as a procedure, perspective or methods that helps in making decisions that how to react and analyze the complex issues and problems commonly faced by every researcher. For example: if any research discusses about the complex issues of global warming then one can take help of ecological, economical, ethical and political perspectives for resolving the issues of problem. While if any economist might work over it, they use to examine the benefits and cost involved in framing policies regarding global warming. On other hand, environmental ethicist focuses on examining the principles and ethical values at stake (Clinical Translational Research Fellowship Program Curriculum Core, 2016). Under discipline of ethics, different professions have their own standards of behavior that suits with their particular goals and objectives. These standards also assist members in maintaining their discipline and coordinating their actions or activities with their established standards. Ethical Norms serve the aims, goals, and objectives of research through applying the standards of conduct using scholarly and creative activities. Even in some researches there are specialized disciplines under the research ethic that helps in studying about the norms of research. There are several reasons for the fact that why it is important to follow the ethical norms of the research. The first and foremost reason behind the issue is to promote the objectives of research. It involves truth, knowledge, and avoidance of errors. For example: Prohibitions made by the researchers for presenting the fabricated, falsified and misrepresentative research data in the research promotes the truth and minimizes the chances of error. Secondly, in research, there is great deal that involves coordination between the team members and their cooperation under different disciplines. In order to maintain all these standards in the research, it is necessary to promote the essential values that can improve the collaboration in the work such as accountability, fairness, trust, and mutual respect. And many researches always prefer to receive credit for their ideas without stealing the matter of any other research or making any pre-mature disclosure (SMITH, 2003). Thirdly, ethical norms helps in ascertaining that with the disclosure of this research in the market, researchers will be held accountable to the public. Fourthly, ethical norms in the research build the public support for the researchers. It gathers much interest of the people for the funding purpose, if they have trust in quality and integrity of research. Finally, the research promotes variety of moral and social values, such as human rights, social responsibility, compliance of laws and public health and safety (Resnik, 2015). Bibliography Clinical Translational Research Fellowship Program Curriculum Core. (2016). Ethical Considerations in Research. Clinical Translational Science Institute/CTSI. Resnik, D. B. (2015, December 01). What is Ethics in Research Why is it Important? Retrieved August 23, 2016, from niehs: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/ SMITH, D. (2003). Five principles for research ethics. American Psychological Association, 34 (01), 56. Social Research Methods. (2006). Ethics in Research. Retrieved August 23, 2016, from socialresearchmethods: https://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/ethics.php

Wake Island Essay Example For Students

Wake Island Essay When the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, America was at last forced to officially enter World War II. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt officially declared war on the Japanese and in his famous radio address to the American people, he professed that December 7 was a day that would live in infamy. Americans and Japanese alike, still remember Pearl Harbor Day, but how many remember the gallant, fighting Marines who served on a tiny atoll in the Pacific by the name of Wake Island?Prior to the war, Wake Island, located 2300 miles west of Honolulu, was an unincorporated territory of the United States, which was placed under the jurisdiction of the Navy in 1934. It was also a Clipper stop on Pan American Airlines famed Trans-Pacific run, and in 1939, the U.S. Navy began construction of an air and submarine base, which was half completed at the time of the attack.Because of the construction of the base, approximately 1200 civilians were on the island, working for the Ame rican construction firm, Morrison-Knudsen, in addition to the Navy personnel and Marines who had been sent to defend the island. The first attack came at noon on December 7, 1941, when 36 Japanese bombers initiated the first bombing of the island. The bombings by the Japanese continued until December 23, when under continuous shelling, the Americans, under U.S. Navy Commander Winfield Scott Cunningham, were finally forced to surrender. Although the Japanese finally took the island, they incurred heavy losses. Three cruisers and one transport sustained heavy damage, two destroyers and one patrol boat were sunk, while 820 Japanese soldiers were killed, with another 333 wounded. In contrast, American military casualties included 120 killed, 49 wounded, with two missing in action. Initially, Japanese strategists assumed that the tiny island would be overwhelmed in a matter of hours. However, they underestimated the fighting spirit of the military personnel and civilians stationed on the island. For sixteen days these brave men fought against overwhelming odds, but demonstrated both to the Japanese and to their fellow Americans back at home that the Americans could and would put up a courageous fight. During the first air raid, Pan Americans facilities were destroyed, and ten civilian employees of the airline were killed.When the assault on the island was first launched, the Americans had twelve aircraft. By December 21, they were down to two planes and by the 22nd of December, none was left in the fleet. In addition, the Japanese used the technique of pattern bombing which caused heavy damage to practically every installation on the island.On the final day of the siege, over 1000 Japanese went on shore and the fighting that ensued continued for six hours.The Marines struggle to hold on to Wake Island came at a time when American installations in the Pacific were being both attacked and captured and the heroics of the fighting Marines on Wake did much to lift the s pirit of the American people. Even when it looked as though Americas chances of winning the battle for Wake were few, it has been said that when asked by radio if there was anything they wanted, the Marines replied: Yes, send us some more Japs.This became a popular slogan during the war, much like Remember the Alamo. We will write a custom essay on Wake Island specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After the surrender, the Japanese rounded up all of the civilians and enlisted men and forced them to march to the airfield. There they were stripped and bound with wire and made to stand in the hot sun for two days with no food and very little water.Back on the homefront, besides worrying about the safety of their loved ones, the families of the civilians were left without the regular financial support that the construction crew had been sending prior to their unintended involvement in the war. Twenty-six civilians died during the sixteen-day siege of Wake. .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .postImageUrl , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:hover , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:visited , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:active { border:0!important; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:active , .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53e2b71bf97c1db0682d27eab6e9be9f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nitrate Contamination Of Groundwater Poses A Serious Health Threat Nit EssayOn January 12, 1942, approximately 1200 American prisoners of war were loaded on board the Japanese passenger ship, the Nitta Maru, for the twelve-day voyage to China. Twenty of the wounded passengers were dropped off in Japan while five of the Americans were beheaded while aboard ship. The prisoners arrived at Shanghai on January

Free Essays on Matisse Picasso

The world Matisse and Picasso existed in was one of intense competition. Each strived to maintain their own personal style while simultaneously adapting to their surroundings. â€Å"To take possession is also to confess to indebtedness(Bois).† Their group and personal exhibitions were a vehicle to expose themselves to the rest of the art world and to eachother. However, they also felt the need to reciprocate ideas and attain a further understanding in studies of space, divisions of composition, and their differing views of models back and forth between themselves. They accomplish the unification of these divergent elements in Matisse’s Woman With a Veil, completed in 1927, and Picasso’s Girl Before a Mirror, resolved in 1932. Matisse was thought of as an old man, done with his career at this point, a dinosaur. His conception of his work differed. â€Å"I nowadays want a certain formal perfection, and I work by concentrating my means in order to give my painting the quality of a well-executed, finished object-which is perhaps external, but that isn’t necessary to mess up some canvas when you are young, that one shouldn’t start at the beginning(Bois).† Matisse strived for the completed painting, executed in a finished manner. This was everything he had previously rejected earlier in his career. Matisse strived for order as well as beauty in his work. There is also a certain serene aspect to his paintings. Matisse’s early style was partly a product of Picasso’s,†(me) Matisse could not have taken his free and high-handed approach toward realism if cubism had not been around while he was stylizing(Bois).† In order to break out of this crisis he was faced wi th, Matisse reinvented the manner in which he presented the model, space, and design(Matisse Picasso)(Ederfield). In Matisse’s Woman With a Veil, Henriette, Matisse’s principal model throughout the 1920’s, rarely appears fully clothed. This painting, ... Free Essays on Matisse Picasso Free Essays on Matisse Picasso The world Matisse and Picasso existed in was one of intense competition. Each strived to maintain their own personal style while simultaneously adapting to their surroundings. â€Å"To take possession is also to confess to indebtedness(Bois).† Their group and personal exhibitions were a vehicle to expose themselves to the rest of the art world and to eachother. However, they also felt the need to reciprocate ideas and attain a further understanding in studies of space, divisions of composition, and their differing views of models back and forth between themselves. They accomplish the unification of these divergent elements in Matisse’s Woman With a Veil, completed in 1927, and Picasso’s Girl Before a Mirror, resolved in 1932. Matisse was thought of as an old man, done with his career at this point, a dinosaur. His conception of his work differed. â€Å"I nowadays want a certain formal perfection, and I work by concentrating my means in order to give my painting the quality of a well-executed, finished object-which is perhaps external, but that isn’t necessary to mess up some canvas when you are young, that one shouldn’t start at the beginning(Bois).† Matisse strived for the completed painting, executed in a finished manner. This was everything he had previously rejected earlier in his career. Matisse strived for order as well as beauty in his work. There is also a certain serene aspect to his paintings. Matisse’s early style was partly a product of Picasso’s,†(me) Matisse could not have taken his free and high-handed approach toward realism if cubism had not been around while he was stylizing(Bois).† In order to break out of this crisis he was faced wi th, Matisse reinvented the manner in which he presented the model, space, and design(Matisse Picasso)(Ederfield). In Matisse’s Woman With a Veil, Henriette, Matisse’s principal model throughout the 1920’s, rarely appears fully clothed. This painting, ...

Alliance Boots Future Strategic Directions Organisation Business Essay

Alliance Boots Future Strategic Directions Organisation Business Essay It is a multinational company with strong recognition and reputation as one of the leading pharmaceutical and beauty companies in the world. Alliance Boots revenue is more than  £22.5 billion in excess; it also has various outlets in more than 20 countries. Alliance Boots core areas of business are pharmaceutical and beauty, formed in 2006 as a merger Boots Group and Alliance UniChem and recently a global merger with Walgreens. The company main purpose is to help its customers to look and feel better than ever, by providing exceptional customer and patient care with great value for its customer. Product brands Alliance Boots Pharmaceutical Wholesale Division is experiencing a rapid growth and global sales; the company believes that its product innovation and development competencies are some of the resourceful factors, which enable the company to develop new and existing products for global consumption. Some of these products are, No7, Soltan and Botanics, 17, Almus and Alvita tha t were successfully launched recently. Organisation Structures Alliance Boots have over 185,000 employees and numerous pharmaceutical outlets. The aim of the company is to work closely with manufacturer of pharmaceutical, beauty and health products and use experienced pharmacists to provide services to their customers. Alliance Boots headquarters is in Zug Switzerland. Alliance Boots Strategy Options It is important that when a global business organisation wants to adopt a sustainable development strategy for its products and brands, such strategy needs to be applicable across a wide range of different product types, also has to be flexible to cope with the rapid turnover of products. Alliance Boots also believe that: The company strategy is capable to cope with three main routes by which products are introduced at Alliance Boots (own manufacture, third party supply of Alliance Boots brands and proprietary brand). The company strategy is providing leadership on where and how to impr ove its products and such improvement must be commercially successful. Marketing strategy Alliance Boots believe that by putting its customers first for all its pharmaceutical and beauty products with outstanding quality and service at a competitive cost will help the company to achieve excellent profitable margins in the global competitive market. Ansoff’s Matrix Ansoff’s Matrix is a unique marketing tool, which provides strategic choices to business organisations in order to achieve the objective for growth. Ansoff’s Matrix has four main categories namely: Market penetration: Market penetration creates a good avenue for a company like Alliance Boots to sell existing products in existing markets. It is important for Alliance Boots to continue promoting its product with the new features and good quality .This is helping Alliance Boots to invest heavily and focus more on research and development in new market research creating more distribution channel. Market de velopment: Alliance Boots use Market development as a growth strategy to sell its existing products into new markets, including new geographical markets, for example product exportation to a new country. It also includes new product packaging new distribution channels (e.g. Boots Pharmacy stores across UK and selling via e-commerce and mail order). Its ability to target new market makes Market development a unique strategy.

Healthy Baltimore 2015 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthy Baltimore 2015 - Research Paper Example The city was also referred to as a major production center. After a decrease in production, Baltimore moved to a service related economy. The different hospitals used to working as the citys main two managers (Regan, 36). At 621,342 at the beginning of July 1, 2012, the number of inhabitants in Baltimore expanded by 1,100 occupants over the past year. The Baltimore Metropolitan Area has become relentlessly to nearly 2.7 million inhabitants in 2010. The city was alluded to as the twentieth biggest nation in the globe. Baltimore is also a primary city in the bigger Baltimore–Washington metropolitan territory of nearly 8.4 million inhabitants. With many recognized regions, Baltimore has been named "the city of neighborhoods." It is also nicknamed as Charm City. The abilities of authors Edgar Allan Poe and H.L. Mencken, musical artist James "Eubie" Blake, and vocalist Billie Holiday, and the citys part in the post-War and Scott Keys composition of "The Star-Spangled Banner" have all impacted the citys historical vitality. Baltimore is in the north of the Patapsco River. This is near to where it purges into the Chesapeake Bay. This river isolates Baltimore into two levels of lower city and upper city. The citys height ranges from ocean level. As stated by the 2010 Census, the city has an aggregate territory of 92.052 square miles (238.41 km2). However, 80.944 sq mi (209.64 km2) is area and 11.108 sq mi (28.77 km2) is water. The aggregate region is 12.07 percent water. It is circumscribed by Anne Arundel County to the south. Minority health is the main problem in Baltimore city. It concentrates on the health of racial and ethnic minority or multicultural populations. It is an exceptionally critical issue in Baltimore. An alternate term used to address minority health is racial and ethnic health variations. Health differences are unfavorable or unequal differences in

Interpretive Analyses essay on edward abbey book desert solitaire

Interpretive Analyses on edward abbey book desert solitaire - Essay Example and in your own, the flavor of an apple, the embrace of a friend or lover, the silk of a girls thigh, the sunlight on rocks and leaves, the feel of music, the bark of a tree, the abrasion of granite and sand, the plunge of clear water into a pool, the face of the wind" (p. xiii) Travelling in the sand of the desert and the rocky barren land are like conducting the excavations in the goldmine which bring forth new hopes and experiences from the author’s perspective. This book is like the oases in the desert. Abbey has no hesitation in stating categorically, "... I have personal convictions to uphold. Ideals, you might say. I prefer not to kill animals. Im a humanist; Id rather kill a man than a snake" (p. 20) and the reader will understand why Abbey makes such a hard observation as he turns the pages of the book! The content of the book is the summing up of Abbey’s benevolence. He intensely likes the silence and the grandeur of the wild desert and the quiet life of its inhabitants. The beliefs and practices of this naturalist are the need of the time when artificiality dominates in every area of the human activities. When human being, enamored of the scientific achievements, acts as if the nature is the permanent enemy, its exploitation is the birth right and one must be ever at war with it. Abbey sees paradise in canyons and the Colorado River and resents industrial tourism. In every small detail, in the oscillating blade of grass and the mighty roar of the river, Abbey relishes the mesmerizing beauty of Nature! He pleads that environmentalism should not be the view but the way of life. Condemnation of the defilers of Nature is not his literary pastime, but a strong conviction. The contents of the book are not the official annual report of the ranger who is posted in the part for one year. This one is not an ordinary ranger! For the exploiters, the bounties of Nature are the monetary rewards—it’s their commission. For Abbey it is the mission!

Water Conservation Essay Example for Free

Water Conservation Essay Will there be enough water for a more crowded world? The adult human uses on average about 100 gallons of water a day. Only about 2.5% of earth’s water is fresh and only 1% is actually attainable for usage. The available water on earth has not changed. The same water we have today has been recycled for millions of years, we are not gaining any more. The time to do something is now. In this essay I would like to remark on the past, present, and future of water conservation. We use much more water today than we ever did in the past. With new technologies and fashions, we use more and more water every year. Not only do we have luxuries that we didn’t have a hundred years ago, our world population has more than tripled since then. Yet our supply of water is not changing. Water has gone through the same replenishing cycle since our world began, and we are using more then ever. Now is the time to make sure we conserve. We have an obligation to our future. With world population growing at the rate it is, we must take precautions that those ahead of us don’t suffer because of our negligence. Water is life; the number one necessity for survival. Not only must we conserve now to prevent future problems, we need to teach the coming generations the importance of our water, that they in turn can make sure nothing will ever happen to bring about disaster in the form of water shortage. As we can see, water conservation is a much larger issue now than it ever was in the past. What we do now makes a difference. We must do all we can to make sure our future is safe. Water conservation is a practice in which people, companies, and governments attempt to reduce their water usage. The goal of water conservation may be to address an ongoing water shortage, or to make lifestyle modifications to be more environmentally friendly. In the late 20th century, water emerged as a major issue, especially in the developing world, where many people lack access to safe drinking water, and the issue of water conservation began to attract a great deal of attention. One of the most obvious reasons to practice water conservation is in a situation where water supplies are limited. An ongoing drought can restrict supply, as can a change in water policy, especially in an area where people are dependent on water from other places. Desert regions, for example, rely on water which is shipped, trucked, or moved through aqueducts, so distant policy decisions can directly impact the amount of water which can be accessed in these areas. Water conservation may also be practiced in response to rising water prices. The cost of water is usually contingent on how easy it is to access, how far it must be transported to reach the end consumer, and how much it needs to be processed in order to be rendered safe. Water treatment can get extremely expensive, causing water prices to rise, and water prices also grow when water supplies are tight. From an economic standpoint, water conservation keeps water bills down to a manageable level, and it frees up water for other uses. Some people encourage the practice of water conservation because they would like to promote the sustainable use of water. While water is a renewable resource in a sense, every time fresh potable water is used, it takes a long time for that water to re-enter the water supply, as it may become contaminated by chemicals, bio hazardous materials, and so forth, requiring extensive cleanup before it can be re-used. Using water for things like gardens, car washing, and industrial production may be frowned upon in some communities where people would prefer to reduce the overall amount of water they use so that clean water will be available to future generations and other regions of the world. A water conservation order may be issued to oblige citizens to conserve water in some communities. Conservation orders are often issued when water supplies are low, and officials are worried about running out. They may also be used to mandate water conservation for environmental reasons. Typically, water conservation orders restrict water use by setting rules about how and when water can be used.

My Blattiphobia :: Example Personal Narratives

Blattiphobia A great wave of fear filters through the body at the thought of creatures that slither and crawl. Of all the bugs, snakes, and spiders in this vast universe the appearance, feel, and behavior of the tree roach can induce a panic as intense as a heart attack. The appearance of a roach is fearful in itself. One of the frightening things about a roach is its shape. It is scary to think how aerodynamic its body is. The roach can flatten its body like a pancake, making it appear to move through walls. The "V" shaped antennae appear to be picking up human emotions, especially fear. The size of a roach can send my heart into my throat. I have seen roaches on my countertop two and one half inches long. Johnny Carson had an African variety on his show that was three inches long. It's frightening to think roaches are so big that Raid had to create a motel for them. Seeing a roach crawling in filthy places reminds us of the germs it carries. My skin shudders when I see a roach in the toilet. Roaches love to crawl in the grime under the kitchen sink. I once saw a roach bouncing in the dirt of one of my potted plants as if it were a puppy who had just received a bath. Fear can turn into convulsions as actual contact with a roach is made. Every nerve fires at the same time when a roach crawls on the skin. I became physically ill with fear when a roach ran up my bare leg. Once one jumped from a box into my lap and all my extremities thrashed about while trying to remove the bug from my skin. The ultimate contact was when the roach ran across my face; I wanted to die! Getting a roach caught in my hair was frightening--no, traumatic. A romantic evening on the porch turned into a scene out of "Psycho" when a roach dropped on my hair. Dinner was ruined when a roach dropped down the back of my dress at an outdoor restaurant. Momentary skin contact with a roach is bad; stepping on one spells phobia. The crunch of a big roach as it is stepped on sends waves up my spine.

Narrative Methods Used in Part 1 of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay

Part one of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner opens with a third person omniscient narrator: ‘It is an ancient Marinere, And he stoppeth one of three. ’ This person represents Coleridge as he knows everything that is happening in the poem, and he is setting the scene for the rest of the lyrical ballad. Other people may take the view that the omniscient narrator represents God, as he is seen by religious people as the only person who can possibly be omniscient. This instantly injects elements of religion into the poem. The next stanza is narrated by the wedding guest, who speaks for the reader and voices the questions that the reader may have. He is confused as to why this odd-looking man has ‘stoppest’ him, which shows that the wedding guest doesn’t know who the man is. This leaves the wedding guest just as clueless as the reader themselves at that moment. The mariner speaks for the first time in the third stanza, beginning his tale with ‘there was a ship. ’ The mariner is responsible for telling the embedded narrative, which is an element of the Gothic. The mariner then takes over the story, telling his tale within the tale. The ballad is structured in Quatrains for all of Part 1, but this changes to symbolise a change in the narrative. Stanzas six and eleven end in the same line: ‘The bright-eyed Marinere. ’ The seventh Stanza is reversed at the end of the poem to show when he is going away from the familiar and when he is returning to it. The genre of this piece is a Lyrical Ballad, with elements of Romance and the Gothic. It draws on elements of the Romantic by its recurring themes of nature, extremes of emotion and religion. It also draws on elements of the Gothic as it includes religious imagery, bad weather and supernatural themes. The ballad is set at a wedding in reality, but the embedded narrative in Part 1 is set in the land of ‘mist and snow. ’ This represents the isolation of the Mariner as he strays away not only from land and equilibrium but also from God. This distance from God is physical, as it points out that he left the ‘Kirk,’ ‘the hill’ and ‘the light-house top’ representing him moving away from where God is, but also mental because the Marnier commits a great misdeed: ‘with my cross I shot the Albatross’ and it is almost as if he and God are not at peace any more. There are connotations of the Mariner’s tale happening a long time ago as he uses archaic lexis in his version of events, such as ‘Kirk’ for Church, ‘thee,’ ‘thou,’ and ‘thus. ’ Coleridge begins the poem with ‘It is an ancyent Marinere,’ the language used shows that the Mariner is a strange being as he is referred to as ‘it’ rather than ‘he. ’ The lexis used is archaic as both ‘ancyent’ and ‘Marinere’ are non-standard spellings. Although the wedding guest uses quite outdated terms, we can tell that the Mariner is older than him because his vocabulary predates to Coleridge’s times. Part 1 of this ballad uses internal and alternate rhymes throughout to create a flow of events. The Mariner tells the wedding guest twice ‘there was a ship’ in stanzas three and four which shows that the Mariner is persistent, but the reader does not know why he is so eager (we later find out that he had to tell this tale to the wedding guest). The wedding guest starts to become aggressive at the Mariner’s persistence, telling him ‘Now get thee hence, thou grey-beard Loon! Or my Staff shall make thee skip. This illustrates the wedding guest’s ignorance, and reflects what the reader would probably do if they were in that situation. The Mariner is described as being almost wizard-like in appearance with his ‘skinny hand,’ ‘grey beard,’ and ‘glittering eye’ which could be taken as being quite supernatural; an element of the Gothic. The Sun is mentioned throughout the poem as a motif for God, and is personified as ‘he. ’ The Sun is present a lot before the Mariner shoots the Albatross but is a less prominent character afterward, showing that God is displeased with the Mariner. Coleridge uses Pathetic Fallacy to show the Mariner’s mood, by showing the ‘Storm and Wind, A Wind and Tempest strong! ’ This is also an element of the Gothic. Coleridge also uses a similie to describe the ice: ‘As green as Emerauld. ’ The colour depicted is very natural, which is an element of Romance and the word ‘ice’ is repeated many times throughout to show the reader that the Mariner is literally surrounded by ice, representing his desolation. The ice ‘crack’d and growl’d and roar’d and howl’d,’ which personifies the ice using animal imagery. This shows the unforgiving and harsh nature of the ice, which the Mariner is encapsulated by. The Albatross is a symbolic religious symbol, and religion is referenced throughout Part 1, showing Coleridge’s personal views and depicting elements of the Romantic and Gothic. The moon is used as a motif for change and is only introduced moments before the Mariner shoots the Albatross, which could be taken as foreshadowing.

Literature as a Looking Glass

Perhaps it is the aim of every storyteller to leave their reader a little changed after having read the tales they so carefully weave.   But how many authors can actually achieve this? Leaving their audience with a story that broadens the mind, asks deep questions, and probes into the way we work is not easily done.   The ability to move us from one plane to another is what distinguishes a really great writer from a storyteller.   For many, Stephen King is such an author.   Some may say even more so because of the use of his genre of the fantastical, the horrific and the gruesome. Exploring the darker parts of our psyches, and our everyday lives, he manages to lead us along the path to contemplate difficult social questions. Always leaving them open for us to determine the answers for ourselves.In a comparison of his two works, The Long Green Mile and Hearts of Atlantis, we can explore his use of the fantastical as an opportunity to raise thought provoking social questions.   Although both books, also interestingly both written as a series, are very different in nature, they share the common theme of finding the extraordinary in ordinary life.   Each book finds the hero that seems to hide in everyday circumstances while at the same time forcing us to look at several of the factors that shape our lives, for the good or the bad. As mentioned by Jonathan Davis in his work, Stephen King’s America, â€Å"While some of his stories focus more on one area than others, a close reading of his works will often show that King seldom fails to include a wide view of American society.† (Davis)The Long Green Mile is a prime example of King’s use of storytelling as social commentary.   In the book the main characters are themselves symbols of the society in which we live.   John Coffey, and innocent man sent to death row for a crime he didn’t commit. Is it because he is simple, or because he is black? As Sharon Russell states in her c ritical review, Revisiting Stephen King , â€Å"While Coffey dominates the action, he remains an enigma, a symbol of a good beyond understanding.† (Russell)And his mysterious gift to heal is starkly contrasted with William Wharton’s ability to destroy.   Just as Coffey is the symbol for good, so is Wharton the symbol for evil.Moreover, the underlying theme that resonates throughout the book is just that; the nature of good and evil. And Stephen King shows us how that battle rages in many arenas of our lives. One obvious question is that of racism. Was Coffey found guilty because he was black? Another character in the story, a white business man, was released from a murder he obviously committed. There was nothing to point to Coffey but the fact that he was found with the girls. Was racism a factor?Also, the question of the death penalty raises its head several times. Delacroix, a horrible man, suffered death in the electric chair. However, the brine filled sponge tha t was supposed to make the electrocution quick and painless was omitted purposefully by one of the jailers. This resulted in a horrific and torturous death by Delacroix.   Was his suffering justifiable?Delving a little more deeply we probe the seemingly senseless death of Janice who had just escaped death by the miraculous hands of Coffey.   After all the trouble and the wondrous miracle that saved her life, to die in a bus accident leaves lingering questions of human justice versus divine justice.Similarly, in Hearts of Atlantis   King dances the fine line between fantasy and reality, although in a different way.   Although some of the characters are recurring, we are able to see them forming the opinions and beliefs that will be the basis of their actions in the future. Also, again King explores the realm and power of childhood.   In The Long Green Mile Coffey is used and explored as childlike and also, interestingly, he is the one that has the mystical and unquestioned healing power.   In Hearts of Atlantis   we see the children as they are and watch their struggle with reality and fantasy defines them.Those transitional moments are very apparent in the first story of Bobby and Carol.   Bobby was an everyday hero, Stephen King style. The ordinary fabric of society, hiding hero’s in every thread.   However, King goes one step further by reintroducing the few key characters throughout a string of seemingly unrelated stories.   By doing this he shows us the connectivity of individuals. How the actions we make today have huge impacts on others and shape their lives. Bobby’s bravery inspired Carol’s courage to stand up for what she believed later in life.By looking closely at the lives of the characters we could see how the past could have drastic effects on the future. Although with the case of Carol it empowers her, it is not the same for everyone. This is illustrated in the story, â€Å"Blind Willie†.   Bill r elives each day trying to resolve the regret for his past actions. We see the old baseball glove of Bobby’s that Blind Willie uses to collect the money he earns as a broken Vietnam veteran while his wife and family believe him to be a successful business man busy at the office.   Willie tries to find answers by living a double life.Moreover, King uses the opportunity to stir up a social commentary on the effects the Vietnam War had on people specifically and then society as a whole.   He uses the series of stories to look at different aspects of reaction. From the earliest stages, when war is just playing in the background, as in the case with Bobby in â€Å"Low Men in Yellow Coats† and then also with young adults drifting in and out of adulthood and drafting such as was portrayed in â€Å"Hearts in Atlantis†.Although it seems to be a simple peek into the issues that concern college aged kids trying to leap into adulthood, the story sells its moral in the en d, as stated by Russell, â€Å"The story ends with an incident long after the main events—a reunion between Pete and one of his college friends. No matter what happened, they both agree that they tried during that period. They were not the big heroes, but they did something—just as Bobby saved Carol but failed with Ted. King suggests that any positive action is important even if it is not truly heroic.† (Russell)Davis, Johnathan. Stephen king's America. Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University, 1994.Russell, Sharon. Revisiting Stephen King. Wesport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2002.Davis, Johnathan. Stephen king's America. Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University, 1994.Russell, Sharon. Revisiting Stephen King. Wesport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2002.In this way, everyone has the opportunity to be a type of hero, no matter how small the action, the effects can be long lasting.While an extensive look at any author’s works reveals a repeating and recurring the me or message that appears to be central in their writing, it is Stephen King’s use of his particular genre that continually draws in his readers again and again.   The parallel of the darker side of humanity with the fantastical opens windows to explore and question the reasons we think, act and believe as we do.   Perhaps it is just that use of the darker and less explored side of humanity that holds such a fascination.Russell   comments,   â€Å"The ongoing battle in King’s fantastic universe to follow the beam and keep the world from falling apart is mirrored by later actions in the real world.†   So, in addition to his use of the genre to explore our social fabric,   his consistent use of our interconnectedness and how the past affects the present are major recurring themes.   By playing on our fears and opening up our minds to the impossible, we are able to look openly at issues that affect our lives without judgment, and perhaps emerge a bet ter person.

Reflections Upon A Precipitation Lab essays

Reflections Upon A Precipitation Lab essays A precipitation reaction involves two aqueous solutions of soluble salts mixed together to yield an aqueous solution of a soluble salt and a solid compound. The solid is called a precipitant, and its formation is a result of precipitation. Precipitation is a result of aqueous cations and anions forming Coulombic interactions stronger than that of the water molecules and the ions in solution. A precipitation reaction requires two solutions containing soluble ionic salts to be mixed. A precipitant is yielded if some of the ions from the solutions mixed interact and form insoluble salts. In this experiment, we prepared mixtures of all possible pairs of these solutions to attempt to turn into salts. We worked to determine whether or not there would be a precipitant and wrote formulas respectively: Copper (II) sulfate, sodium chloride, lead nitrate, barium nitrate, silver nitrate, and sodium sulfate. Before beginning the experiment, we predicted with mixtures of two of the given solutions would yield a precipitant and were asked to determine the formula respectively. We made these predictions using Table 5.1 Rules for determining the solubility of ionic compounds. After our predictions were approved, we began our experiment. We began by taking a clean test tube and first pouring a few drops of copper (II) sulfate and then a few drops of barium nitrate. We observed and noted the reaction, and then dispensed the solution in the proper waste jar that was set out for us (Note: we did this after every single solution experimented). We then washed the test tube, dried it and went on to test our next prediction. Next, we put in a few drops of copper (II) sulfate and added a couple drop of silver nitrate. We observed and noted the reaction and dispensed the solution in the waste jar. After cleaning and drying the test tube once more, we then made a solution containing a few drops of co pper (II) sulfate with a few drops of lead nitrate. After m...

Globalization and Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization and Mass Media - Essay Example The concept of 'Third World' has been replaced by the term 'developing economies', as underscored in this era of globalization. The other side of the coin reveals that institutions such as the IMF showed false hopes to the LDCs (least developing countries), resulting in major crises and disasters (Journal of Libertarian Studies, 2004). James Mittelman in the 'Manifestations of Globalizationargued that globalization was integrally linked to 'multiple levels of analysis: economics, politics and ideology.' The predominance of a few satellite channels over others in international communication, have brought in this concept of 'cultural imperialism'. An aspect of globalization, cultural imperialism is a new form of traditional colonial domination. The fast developing cultural relations between the European nations and the small nation states in the late 19th and early 20th centuries made Pyenson coin the term 'cultural imperialism, which has been used scholars and historians today to describe this era of globalization. Here we argue about the definition of cult... Easy access to information, goods and services has brought the nations under one umbrella. Reazul Haque opined that international channels such as Cable News Network (CNN), British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Music Television (MTV) enjoy the highest viewership. The Internet or the New Media has made information readily available to people all over the world. (Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, 2006) It was the colonial masters, who first practiced social propaganda technology from their home countries through the vehicle of mass media. There was always a tendency to make the subservient to the former imperialist powers. The big superpowers, notably USA dominated the political scene through the tool of media and communication. Schiller affirmed in his book Culture, Inc, that the media has by and large contributed to chronicle the surge of America as a corporate power and also helped in strengthening its ideological base worldwide. (Schiller, 9)Hamelink, referred to cultural imperialism as 'cultural synchronization'. By this, he meant that a particular cultural development in a developed country is immediately passed on to the receiving country through the mode of communication. He spoke about those millions of people, 'who watched foreign television programs, used the international telephone lines and mailing systems, buy recorded music and read the international news. CNN news casts, Madonna, Rupert Murdoch's empire, satellite telephony or transborder data flows, all touch upon people's daily lives around the world'. (Hamelink, 1) John Tomlinson in his book Cultural Imperialism, in chapter entitled 'Media Imperialism', contended that 'to understand the notion of cultural imperialism, we

Administrative Agencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Administrative Agencies - Essay Example It created a state of rivalry and conflict and paved the way towards torture, crimes, clashes, violence and wars. Subsequently, the wise and sage stratum of society felt the immediate need of rules and regulations in order to maintain peace and harmony in human societies. Social norms, values, law and order came into being, where different departments were established to make laws, implement these laws and announce punishment to those, which break the prevailing statutes of law and deviate from the right path determined and decided by the political authorities; consequently, the administrative agencies were got their decisive place in all human societies. Like all parts of the globe, administrative agencies were also established in the USA, which is certainly the outcome of the intellect and hard work made by the legislature of the country. Administrative agencies are created by the federal Constitution, the U.S. Congress, state legislatures, and local lawmaking bodies to manage crises, redress serious social problems, or oversee complex matters of governmental concern beyond the expertise of legislators. (Quoted in law.jrank.org) The administrative agencies have performed outstanding role in the USA in respect of the sustenance of a strong and powerful political system on the one hand, and an integrated and law-abiding social set up on the other. These agencies have rendered exemplary services for the rescue of the masses in crises, disasters, natural calamities and catastrophes of national and state scales. In general, Vago observes, administrative agencies were created to deal with a crisis or with emerging problems requiring supe rvision and flexible treatment. (2009, 130) But they have proved their worth in trade, commerce, communications, housing, travelling, teaching, nursing and even legislative and judicial services through administrators, councilors, mayors, governors, magistrates and police officials. From saving the lives during

Interview a job analyst- HR staff member Assignment

Interview a job analyst- HR staff member - Assignment Example This paper is therefore based on the interview between myself and the hospital job analyst to ascertain the type of job evaluation system they use and those who conduct the evaluation. Job evaluation is meant to rank jobs according to their relative worth in order to assign an equitable pay packages. However, the type of job evaluation systems used differ from one organizes to the next according to job evaluation analyst According to the hospital job analyst, evaluation of jobs is done using quantitative systems, since the hospital is complex and has many jobs done within it. They therefore use the following quantitative systems to evaluate their jobs: Under this method, they award points to different jobs based on the degree to which the job possess the compensable factors in comparison with the objective standards set for any particular job. In this case, different points are assigned to the jobs depending on the level of education required e.g. PHD or degree level, where those that require PHD level of education are assigned higher points compared to those that require only degree level. Similarly, different points are also awarded on the job depending on the nature and complexity of the job like the surgeons, which require high mental demands, will be assigned high point in ranking. This ensures that the right remuneration package is awarded depending on the number of points a job has. According to the analyst, this method has the advantage that the system can remain in operation for a long period of time before it is changed and it is also objective compared to other systems (Solomon, 1947) Factor comparison is also another system they use in the hospital to evaluate the different jobs. He however explains that this method is not so often used. Under this method of job evaluation, compensable factors are identified in determining

Food And Wine Tourism in Newzealnd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Food And Wine Tourism in Newzealnd - Essay Example So, in order to enlighten the importance of Special Interest Tourism, this paper talks about â€Å"Food and Wine tourism† in New Zealand. Special interest tourism It is the type of tourism that involves tourist’s holiday choice that is totally inspired and influenced by their specific motivation and desire. There are different forms of special interest tourism, like education, beauty, sports, food, cultural and entertainment (Cook 2007, pp.63). Different countries have different specialties, for example Dubai is famous for its shopping, and New Zealand, Australia, and Turkey are famous for their food. Read defined specific interest tourism as â€Å"The travel for people who are going somewhere because they have a particular interest that can be pursued in a particular region or at a particular destination. It is the hub around which the total travel experience is planned and developed†. (Ritchie, Carr, & Cooper 2003, pp. 28) Food and Wine tourism The special inte rest tourism that has been selected for this paper is â€Å"Food and Wine tourism† in New Zealand. The food and wine do not mean mere eating and drinking, but are related to the respective country’s culture and heritage. ... es of specialist food production regions are the primary motivating factors for travel.†(Buhalis & Costa, 2006) Food is directly related to a country’s heritage, culture, and traditions. Food is considered to be a major component of tourism, whatsoever is the type of tourism; food always acts as a tourist attraction. So, intentionally or unintentionally, the tourists are always seeking excellent quality food and wine when they are on their holidays. Wine tourism Today, wine is making quite a large business for the last few years. Wine production has been increased at a massive level in different countries like New Zealand, Australia, Canada and Europe, and this has resulted in development of the tourism industry in the respective countries. Moreover, â€Å"wine tourism is a subcategory of food tourism, which implies visit for specific high-quality vine to vineries, vineyards and restaurants to a country. The wine tourism also includes visit to the wine festivals in a pa rticular country†. (Buhalis & Costa, 2006) Food and wine tourism does not mean a trip to a restaurant; rather it is the desire to taste and experience a particular type of food or a special traditional cuisine can act as a motivator to travel across the home country (Thach, 2007). Food and wine tourism characteristics and typologies Food and wine tourism is flourishing due to a number of reasons around the world. The most important and predominant reason of promoting the food and wine tourism is to improve economic growth. Moreover, food and wine tourism has gained attention due to increased interest in the other country’s societal values, environmental interest, and their culture. Today, many people and countries are showing interest in dining and cooking, subsequently which has resulted in an

Good Governance Vs Good Administration Politics Essay

Good Governance Vs Good Administration Politics Essay Good governance and good public administration are essential aspects of democracy. The ability to distribute societys resources, curb the abuse of power and corruption and guarantee equality of all persons before the law is fundamental to a well-functioning society. The starting point of this research has been the hypothesis that our new commitment to governance norms is interlocked with the emergence of a new model (or new models) of legitimate political action and state regulation. The present analysis will concentrate of the following factors among others: the enforceable content of the right, including the role of the European Ombudsman; the relationship between good governance and good administration; the uncertain reach of the concept of maladministration; Democratic governance differs from the concept of good governance in recognizing that political and civil freedoms and participation have basic value as developmental ends in themselves and not just means for achieving socio-economic progress. Democratic governance is built on the concept of human development in its full sense of the term, which is about expanding capabilities people have, to be free and able to lead lives that they would choose to. The capability to be free from threats of violence and to be able to speak freely is as important as being literate for a full life. While the range of capabilities that people have is huge and almost infinite, several key capabilities are fundamental in human life and are universally valued, not only those in the socioeconomic sphere such as health and survival, education and access to knowledge, minimum material means for a decent standard of living, but those in the political sphere such as security from violence, and political freedom and participation. Indeed, these are core elements of human well being reflected in the Millennium Declaration. Democratic governance needs to be underpinned by a political regime that guarantees civil and political liberties as human rights, and that ensures participation of people and accountability of decision makers. In 1977, the Council of Europe argued in its Resolution 77 (31)  [1]  that since the development of the modern state had resulted in an increasing importance of public administrative activities, individuals were more frequently affected by administrative procedures. The principal task of the Council of Europe was to protect the individuals fundamental rights and freedoms, hence they intended to undertake efforts to improve the individuals procedural position vis-à  -vis the administration by promoting the adoption of rules, which would ensure fairness in the relations between the citizen and the administrative authorities  [2]  . The following principles were stated: I Right to be heard II Access to information III Assistance and representation IV Statement of reasons V Indication of remedies  [3]   Article 41 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union stipulate that every person has the right to have his or her affairs handled impartially, fairly and within a reasonable time by the institutions and bodies of the Union. This right includes the right of every person to be heard, before any individual measure which would affect him or her adversely is taken; the right of every person to have access to his or her file, while respecting the legitimate interests of confidentiality and of professional and business secrecy; the obligation of the administration to give reasons for its decisions  [4]  . Every person has the right to have the Community make good any damage caused by its institutions or by its servants in the performance of their duties, in accordance with the general principles common to the laws of the Member States. Every person may write to the institutions of the Union in one of the languages of the Treaties and must have an answer in the same language. The setting out of the right to good administration represents the establishment of a new fundamental right. The principle of good administration has been developed by the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice and in the rulings of the Court of First Instance, and is based on the existence of a Community governed by the rule of law. Paragraph 1 reaffirms this general right, the essential elements of which are expanded on in paragraph 2. The right to good administration arises from a concern for equal treatment, in accordance with the jurisprudence of the Court, and with the right to an effective remedy (article 47 of the Charter) as well as rights which go with it. (the right to be heard and each persons right to access to his or her file) This right is also contained in article 2 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and article 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The institutions obligations arise from the provisions of the Treaties: the general ob ligation to give reasons for decisions, (article 253 EC) making good of damages (article 288 EC) and the possibility of communicating with the institutions of the Union in one of the languages of the Treaty. (article 21 EC) Unlike in the Treaty, in the Charter this possibility is open to every person  [5]  . The European Ombudsman instituted by the Treaty of Maastricht (articles 21 and 195 EC) is authorized to receive complaints in cases of maladministration in the activities of Community institutions and bodies. In April 2000, the Ombudsman made a recommendation containing the principles to be included in a Code of good administrative conduct applicable to the servants of institutions and bodies of the Union in their relations with the public  [6]  . The Commission has added a Code of this type in annex to its internal regulations, in the context of the reform of its services and operations. The other institutions and bodies of the Union have also adopted a Code of good administrative conduct based on the Ombudsmans recommendations, or are in the process of doing so. Furthermore, in the context of police and legal cooperation, and in order to create an area of freedom, security and justice, the Union is committed to a global anti-corruption policy, set out in the Commissions communication of 1997. So we can say that democratic local governance is the process of governing democratically at the local level, viewed broadly to include not only the machinery of government, but also the community at-large and its interaction with local authorities. (Use of the term .local. refers to all sub-national levels of government.) When effective decentralization and democratic local governance advance in tandem, local governments and the communities they govern gain the authority, resources, and skills to make responsive choices and to act on them effectively and accountably. Advancing the capacity of local governments to act effectively and accountably requires promoting the desire and capacity of civil society organizations and individual citizens to take responsibility for their communities, participate in local priority-setting, assist in the implementation of those decisions, and then monitor their effectiveness  [7]  . Local autonomy is an important factor which enhances progress towards local democracy and the achievement of good governance (Ron Duncan, 2004). Governance nowadays occupies a central stage in the development discourse but is also considered as the crucial element to be incorporated in the development strategy. However, apart from the universal acceptance of its importance, differences prevail in respect of theoretical formulations, policy prescriptions and conceptualization of the subject itself. Governance as a theoretical construct, separate from the theory of state, is not only in an embryonic stage, but its formulation also differs among researchers depending on their ideological convictions. According to Larry Diamond (2005) good governance consists of several dimensions. One is the capacity of the state to function in the service of the public good. Effective functioning requires knowledge of the policies and rules that best serve the public good, and hence training of state officials in their various professional realms. It requires a professional civil service with a set of norms and structures that promote fidelity to public rules and duties, in part by rewarding those who perform well in their roles. This relates intimately to the second dimension of good governance, commitment to the public good. Where does this commitment come from? It may be generated by dedicated and charismatic leadership. Or it may derive from a cultural ethic that appreciates and a structure of institutional incentives that rewards disciplined service to the nation or the general community. In every modern society, however, it must (at a minimum) be reinforced by institutions that punish betrayals of the public trust, and so this normative element is strongly linked to the concrete institutional ones. A third dimension of good governance is transparency, the openness of state business and conduct to the scrutiny of other state actors and of the public. Transparency requires freedom of information, including an act to ensure that citizens can acquire information about how government makes decisions, conducts business, and spends public money. Needless to say, it requires full openness and competitiveness in public procurement, but it also requires openness with regard to the personal finances of government officials. Transparency is intimately related to accountability, the fourth dimension of good governance. Governing agents are more likely to be responsible and good when they are answerable for their conduct to the society in general and to other specific institutions that monitor their behaviour and can impose sanctions upon them. Effective oversight requires open flows of information, and hence transparency, so that monitors can discover facts and mobilize evidence. This requires a system of government by which different institutions check and hold one another accountable, compelling them to justify their actions. Power is thus constrained, bound not only by legal constraints but also by the logic of public reasoning. Transparency and accountability are thus intimately bound up with a fifth dimension of good governance, the rule of law. Governance can only be good when it is restrained by the law: when the constitution and laws (including individual rights under them) are widely known, when the law is applied equally to the mighty and the meek, when everyone has reasonable access to justice, and when there are capable, independent authorities to adjudicate and enforce the law in a neutral, predictable, and efficient fashion. Both effective government and well functioning markets require that there be clear rules about what constitutes acceptable conduct in all realms of economic, social and political life. All actors, public and private, must have confidence that those rules will be observed. Only under a rule of law can property rights be secure and contracts enforceable. Only through a rule of law can individuals be secure against arbitrary harm from the state or powerful private actors. A fifth dimension of good governance consists of mechanisms of conflict resolution. Participation is one means for doing so. Development is not only about choice at the individual level but also about making difficult choices at the collective level. Often there is no clear answer to the question of what is in the public interest. Only through a process of political participation and dialogue can conflicting interests be reconciled in a way that is deemed minimally fair by all (or most), and that generates broad commitment among the relevant constituencies or stakeholders in the policy arena. But participation in itself can also stimulate conflict. Conflict resolution requires as well fairness, justice, and transparency, and often more specific mechanisms to ensure that all groups are heard and included and that power and resources are decentralized and dispersed in a way that gives each community or region some real control over its own affairs. Finally, when good governance functions in the above five ways, it also breeds social capital, in the form of networks and associations that draw people together in relations of trust, reciprocity, and voluntary cooperation for common ends. The deeper a countrys reservoirs of social capital, and the more these are based on horizontal relations of equality, the more vigorous is coordination for and commitment to the public good. Social capital thus not only fosters the expansion of investment and commerce, embedded in relations of trust and predictability, it also breeds the civic spirit, participation, and respect for law that are crucial foundations of political development and good governance. In other words, it generates a political culture of responsible citizenship. All of this in turn breeds political legitimacy and stability-further deepening the societys appeal to investors who must risk capital in the effort to create new wealth. In many respects then, good governance consti tutes a virtuous cycle in which the several elements reinforce one another in a dense interplay. Shalendra D. Sharma (2007) demonstrates that good governance has several characteristics. It is participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective, efficient, equitable, and inclusive and follows the rule of law. At a minimum, good governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced impartially by an independent judiciary and its decisions and enforcement are transparent or carried out in a manner that follows established rules and regulations. Since accountability cannot be enforced without transparency and the rule of law, accountability is a key requirement of good governance. Policy analysis based empirically on the historical experiences of governance gives prominence to government failures to deliver, leading to propositions for downsizing or rightsizing, while policy prescriptions for good governance take an evolutionary view of the matter questioning relevance of public sector management of certain activities in a changed context (Hye Hasnat, 2001). Good governance is the term that symbolizes the paradigm shift of the role of governments (Holzer, 2002).. Moreover, governance is not only about the organs or actors as affirmed by Hasnat Abdul Hye. More importantly, it is about the quality of governance, which expresses itself through elements and dimensions, which will be listed in this study. Nevertheless, he states that: Just as the dancer cannot be separated from the dance, the organs or actors executing governance in their respective spheres cannot be relegated to the background. It has become a truism to say that good governance is essential for successful development. This simply begs the question what is good governance? Governance is about processes, not about ends. Common definitions describe governance as a process by which power is exercised without explicitly stating the ends being sought (Hyden, 2000). At international levels some definitions were depicted. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Given that the term governance means different things to different people, it is useful, therefore, for the UNDP to clarify, at the very outset, the sense in which it understands the word. Among the many definitions of governance that exist, the one that appears the most appropriate from the viewpoint of the UNDP is the exercise of economic, political and administrative authority to manage a countrys affairs at all levels. It comprises mechanisms, processes and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences.  [8]   Good governance is, among other things, participatory, transparent and accountable, effective and equitable, and it promotes the rule of law. It ensures that political, social and economic priorities are based on broad consensus in society and that the voices of the poorest and the most vulnerable are heard in decision-making over the allocation of development resources. The World Bank: According to the World Bank, governance is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a countrys economic and social resources for development. On this meaning, the concept of governance is concerned directly with the management of the development process, involving both the public and the private sectors. It encompasses the functioning and capability of the public sector, as well as the rules and institutions that create the framework for the conduct of both public and private business, including accountability for economic and financial performance, and regulatory frameworks relating to companies, corporations, and partnerships. In broad terms, then, governance is about the institutional environment in which citizens interact among themselves and with government agencies/officials. UN concept Governance is the process whereby public institutions conduct public affairs, manage public resources and guarantee the realization of human rights. Good governance accomplishes this in a manner essentially free of abuse and corruption, and with due regard for the rule of law. The true test of good governance is the degree to which it delivers on the promise of human rights: civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. The key question in the UNs concept is: are the institutions of governance effectively guaranteeing the right to health, adequate housing, sufficient food, quality education, fair justice and personal security? The concept of good governance has been clarified by the work of the Commission on Human Rights. In its resolution 2000/64 the Commission identified the key attributes of good governance as: transparency responsibility accountability participation responsiveness (to the needs of the people) Resolution 2000/64 expressly linked good governance to an enabling environment conducive to the enjoyment of human rights and prompting growth and sustainable human development. In underscoring the importance of development cooperation for securing good governance in countries in need of external support, the resolution recognized the value of partnership approaches to development cooperation and the inappropriateness of prescriptive approaches. By linking good governance to sustainable human development, emphasizing principles such as accountability, participation and the enjoyment of human rights, and rejecting prescriptive approaches to development assistance, the resolution stands as an implicit endorsement of the rights-based approach to development. OECD The concept of governance denotes the use of political authority and exercise of control in a society in relation to the management of its resources for social and economic development. This broad definition encompasses the role of public authorities in establishing the environment in which economic operators function and in determining the distribution of benefits as well as the nature of the relationship between the ruler and the ruled. (OECD DAC, 1995); At the Local Development and Governance in Central, East and South East Europe Conference  [9]  aroused two questions: What are the obstacles in coordinating policies, adapting them at the local conditions and involving business and civil society in strategic planning and the orientation of measures, and what are the best mechanism and initiatives to overcome these obstacles? Can these initiatives be mainstreamed and extended to all regions of the country to connect the various actors of local development around long term goals and concrete implementation tasks whatever the local conditions? At the same conference Professor Xavier Greffe (2005) enounced several types of instruments that could help good governance at local level: a proper allocation of responsibilities between the different levels of government involved (the institutional environment for governance), a sound organization of forums where stakeholders could interact and create synergy (institutional design), good management of project execution in its different dimensions: legal, financial or cultural (regulation of governance).  [10]   USAID Governance encompasses the capacity of the state, the commitment to the public good, the rule of law, the degree of transparency and accountability, the level of popular participation, and the stock of social capital. Without good governance, it is impossible to foster development. No amount of resources transferred or infrastructure built can compensate for-or survive-bad governance. It can be concluded that the introduction of democratic institutions in the form of more ample political rights, civil rights, and freedom of the press, among others, may or may not be associated with improved governance. Are the various cases of enlightened dictatorship the rule or the exception in the recent past? Do most democracies allow their population to choose more effective policymakers or are they just used as a tool by specific classes and oligarchies to control political power and sustain ineffective, corrupt regimes? Before making any predictions, it needs to be established whether the notion of good administration now acts as a kind of umbrella for the numerous disparate rules previously grouped around the notion of user protection in which case the change would be a quantitative one or whether it is of an entirely new nature in which case there has been a qualitative shift. It is still too early to give a definite answer. There is good reason to think, however, that in future, any oversight brought to bear on the activities of the administration will focus not just on specific administrative acts, but also on the administrative procedures themselves. In other words, there has been a shift in emphasis from the outcome of administrative action (result) to administrative behaviour (functioning). Other clues, the discussion of which is beyond the compass of the present report, suggest that this is indeed the direction in which the concept of good administration is moving. Good administration, go od governance, good legislation all effectively presuppose the existence of a large pool of good people. Is a good administration one that makes good decisions (i.e. legal decisions) or will we eventually come round to the view that good acts are ones that are produced by a good administration, without the need for any other reference to some predefined legality? In other words, are good acts to be defined objectively in their own right or should they, as Aristotle suggests, more properly be regarded as the acts of a good person? (Fortsakis, 2005) The features of good administration cannot be fixed or fully enunciated, but are identified only when the conduct of the administration fails to reach an acceptable standard, a standard that varies over time and context. And in the modes of the concept most often embraced-such as the notion of citizen as consumer with marketplace choice, and the notion of consultation, a form of participatory democracy which privileges those individuals and communities who have the political sophistication to organise themselves and further marginalise large sectors of unorganised society-she finds a virtual denial of the democratic concept of citizen as sovereign, the creator of state power who can dictate the exact limits to be placed on personal autonomy.

Analysis of Abbey Tomb, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, and To Aut

Analysis of Abbey Tomb, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, and To Autumn ‘By using the first or second person – a poet creates a sense of direct dialogue with the reader.’ What is your response to this view? By the use of the first or second person a poet can establish a connection between the character and the reader because the poet can address the reader directly. The poems I have chosen to study are ‘Abbey Tomb’ by Patricia Beer, ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ by T.S. Elliot and ‘To Autumn’ by John Keats. Beer’s use of the first person in ‘Abbey Tomb’ creates the sense that the monk is confiding in the reader. In addition the link between reader and the Beer’s character is enhanced because the monk is talking through time, which makes the reader feel involved because the monk is intrusting the reader with his grievance that has lasted beyond the grave. ‘I told them not to ring the bells†¦their tombs look just as right as mine,’ it could be seen here that the monk is trying to get the final word to the reader as time has worn away the truth and there is no one alive who knows he was right. This also implies his frustration that the other monks did not listen to him because his complain is made directly to the reader. With the use of the first person Beer is able to create what resembles a first hand account of the incident, which is being retold to the reader. ‘We stood still†¦staring at the door,’ the monks were waiting for the Vikings. ‘We heard them passing by†¦only I could catch the sound of prowling men†¦everybody else agreed to ring the bells,’ the monks then think the Vikings had left and decided to ring the bells; again we see that the monk is trying to prove he was right by em... ...logue with the reader, even though the poem is written in the second person because is addressed to Autumn, as proclaimed in the title of the poem. Keats makes no reference to the audience throughout the poem, but personifies Autumn ‘sitting careless,’ ‘thy hair soft-lifted†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘by a cider-press, with patient look, thou watchest.’ Therefore this demonstrates that a poem can be written in the second person and contain no sense of a direct dialogue with the reader. I believe that the statement is too specific; some poems in the first or second person, like ‘Abbey Tomb,’ are purely expressed to the reader because the use of ‘I’ can create the sense of a conversation. On the other hand, in ‘the love song of J.Alfred Prufrock’ and more directly in ‘To Autumn,’ another character is addressed beside the reader which weakens the sense of a direct dialogue.

My Dream, My future Essay

â€Å"Live Your Values, Pursue Your Dreams, And Follow Your Passions†. This really implies the true ways we must do to have the best future life we could possibly have. Seeing through around the earth, we will find all kinds of people exist in the world. I think why those people are different from each other might be a difficult task to study—–which factor influences and drives them different. It is lucky that I am the one among them so I know that mine is my dream. Over my life time I would like to achieve many things but there are three main things I would like to accomplish: to be a triumphant person, help my loving parents and most especially to serve my fellows. I have been exhilarating by my dream, from the day I knew why I came into the world to so far and even in future, which is making me different from others. It is a goal, an aim, a direction for my life. It is not strange from outside, but from inside. Read more: Future plans essay It is to be an engineer. At first, I could hardly decide what I want to be in the future because there are so many choices painted in my mind. But at this time, I am at the crossroads where I have to make decisions, specifically at my choice of course in the college and at the same time, my profession. With all the sacrifices and eschews that my parents are exerting just to send me in school, I don’t have reasons not to give my bests all the time. This is my second dream. At that time, I have my job and I have something to make them feel so proud of me, I would like to give them the best life. I would like to make them feel comfortable and see sweet smiles in their faces. This is really the one I like to achieve in my life, mountains of words can’t explain how much I love and appreciate them. With all of my knowledge and values learned, I would like to share these to my fellows especially to those youths, in the future, by serving them with unconditional, whole-hearted and without any ambiguity or doubts. This really shows our compassion and charitable heart for others. Simple dreams of mine for others but worth living reasons for me. I, together with my parents, have a simple means of living; but because of firm determination, strong faith in GOD, good values and virtues I assure that we will have the bests of life in the future not because of the luxuries but the richness of love, compassion for people and passion for God. These are my dreams, my inspiration which I have to work on for the future.

Plato, Descartes and the Matrix Essay

After obtaining knowledge from the Matrix, Plato’s Allegory of the Cave or The Republic and the first Mediation from Descartes, I see that there are a few likenesses and contrasts. I would need to say that The Matrix and Plato’s hole purposeful tale were more comparable because the individuals included in both stories, they existed in this present reality where they were being cheated about what the fact of the matter was. In the Matrix, once Neo saw this present reality and that all that he thought was true was really a hallucination, is very much alike to the shadows on the dividers of the surrender that the prisoners saw in Plato’s Allegory of the hole. In both stories, both characters could encounter reality as well as the phony world and was given opportunity to see reality and were confounded. Nonetheless, the detainee in Plato’s story in the wake of picking up this new information let others in servitude know of his recently discovered learning however felt that the first truth was less demanding to with the exception to. Then again Neo in The Matrix chose he needed to realize what the right truth was. Both characters were intrigued by figure out reality however they recognized reality in an unexpected way. Plato thought it was fundamental for the affixed man in the Allegory of the Cave required to escape from the hole to look for reality. Socrates portrays a gathering of individuals who have lived anchored to the divider of a buckle the greater part of their lives, confronting a transparent divider. The individuals watch shadows anticipated on the divider by things passing before a blaze behind them and start to attribute structures to these shadows. As indicated by Socrates, the shadows are as close as the detainees get to review the reality. He then clarifies how the savant is similar to a detainee who liberated from the hollow and comes to comprehend that the shadows on the divider are not constitutive of reality whatsoever, as he can see the genuine type of reality as opposed to the minor shadows seen by the detainees. Descartes considers and rejects the likelihood that my faculties could just lead me adrift. We research situations when we have been tricked by our faculties, through the activity of those extremely same faculties. However, wouldn’t I be able to be envisioning now, and not understand this? This theory is hard to negate, on the off chance that you permit that a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"fantasy† require not be disconnected and unreasonable. It is coherently conceivable to have an intelligible dream where, for instance, I am in Sheffield, at my machine, composition a consummately or at any rate sensibly mindful response to Ask a Philosopher, regardless of the fact that such dreams happen just seldom if whatso ever. Coherent probability is everything Descartes needs. This is what might as well be called the Matrix situation. As a general rule, while I form my answer, I am dozing in a â€Å"unit† having encounters sustained specifically to my mind by a super-machine. The Matrix speculation is hard to negate. However it still isn’t sufficient for Descartes’ reasons. Since, even on this speculation, certain key convictions stay unchallenged. Specifically, the conviction that there exists a universe of material questions in space. The presence of a physical world is one of the essential suppositions of the Matrix story. That is the reason Descartes makes the additional stride of imaging a capable, non-physical sagacity fit for creating the knowledge of ‘an universe of material protests in space’ in me, despite the fact that in all actuality no such world exists. A fiendishness evil spirit. Anyhow how â€Å"wicked† is this spirit, truly? Berkeley took Descartes’ contention for uncertainty and stood it on its head: nothing could possibly consider confirmation of the presence of ‘matter’, on the grounds that all we ever have is ‘experience’. All that exists, in extreme the truth, is God and ‘limited souls’ similar to us who have encounters that God delivers in us. – When you gaze out at the world you are taking a gander at within God’s thoughts. Ignorance is bliss of illusion when we have security in the unknown of danger. It’s when we establish the danger we want to return to the ignorance to regain the safety. The very nature of man is to need what he doesn’t have. All promoting was focused around that start. You have an auto; however, you don’t have another auto or that auto that was constantly publicized. The very nature of all creatures is â€Å"Fight or Flight.† When they exited the hole – they didn’t have the security of the cavern. So as I studied that story, they came back to the hollow. Security is a manifestation of solace however is not acknowledged until we have lost it – or expects that we will lose it-. The extent that obliviousness, the greater part of us does not feel we are uninformed. We are and need to be unmindful of something else we would go insane. For example, might you want to know the date and time of your  passing? In the event that you realized that, it would cloud any of your problems. You could presumably consider nothing else, irregularly. That information would overpower you. Study the passing line convicts. Obliviousness is most happy when we don’t know we are incorrect yet think we recognize what we are doing – or we think we are on the whole correct. We weren’t sheltered when we fail to offer particular knowledge of looming dangers, yet we feel safe when we don’t think about those risks. To be certain are beliefs are true to ourselves we must firs t pretend that they are not and then begin to question their truths. Descartes argued that our customary knowledge of the world can’t give the sort of ensured establishment on which all other information could be based. We are frequently disillusioned to discover that what we have been taught are simply biases, or that what our faculties let us know is erroneous. That ought to make us ponder about whether the various things that we think are clear may moreover be mixed up. With a specific end goal to test whether what we think we know is genuinely right, Descartes recommends that we embrace a strategy that will dodge slip by following what we know back to a firm establishment of indubitable convictions. Obviously, it is conceivable that there are no totally unshakeable truths. It is additionally conceivable that we may find that our partialities can’t be uprooted or that convictions we think are extreme establishments for all our different convictions are not so much extreme whatsoever. The purpose of our contemplations is to test those convictions, regardless of the possibility that we have held them for quite a while. Furthermore that assess toward oneself will take a true effort. In request to figure out if there is anything we can know with conviction, Descartes says that we first need to uncertainty all that we know. Such a radical uncertainty may not appear sensible, and Descartes positively does not imply that we truly ought to uncertainty everything. What he recommends, however, is that with a specific end goal to check whether there is some conviction that can’t be questioned, we ought to incidentally imagine that all that we know is faulty. This misrepresentation is what is known as a speculative uncertainty. To verify that we consider the affectation important, Descartes recommends that there may be great contentions to believe that such questioning is defended and along these lines more than just something we ought to put on a show to do. His  contentions fall into two classifications: those pointed against our sense encounters and our supposition that we can recognize being conscious and envisioning, and those pointed against our thinking capabilities themselves. http://philosophy.tamu.edu/~sdaniel/Notes/descar1.html